OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
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Launched in September 2020 in collaboration with the Oregon Health Authority, this pioneering initiative aims to monitor and analyze the presence and concentration of viruses such as COVID-19, influenza, and RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) across Oregon. Through the collection of influent samples from over 40 wastewater treatment facilities throughout the state, we gather valuable data to understand the viral landscape and identify COVID-19 variants.
The process begins by carefully collecting samples from the influent of wastewater treatment facilities over a 24-hour period. This comprehensive approach ensures that we capture a representative snapshot of viral activity throughout the entire day. Most facilities pre-filter the samples on-site, preserving the RNA (ribonucleic acid) content before shipment to our laboratory at Oregon State University (OSU). In cases where a facility does not perform the filtration step, they send the wastewater sample to OSU in a cooler, where we undertake the necessary filtration process.
Once in the laboratory, the filtered samples are treated to release the RNA from the filter by disintegrating it with garnet beads. The RNA is then purified using affinity adsorption to magnetic beads. Next, enzymes and reagents are introduced to the RNA solution, and it is divided into numerous droplets or wells—depending on the testing method—through droplet digital PCR or digital PCR. This process, known as Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), converts the RNA into DNA and creates multiple copies of the DNA specific to the targeted virus.
If the wastewater sample contains no RNA of the targeted virus, no copies are generated. However, if the virus is present, the specific viral DNA copies incorporate a fluorescent molecule, which can be detected within each droplet or well. The number of fluorescent droplets or wells correlates with the concentration of the virus in the original wastewater sample. This data provides valuable insights into viral loads and helps track the prevalence of COVID-19 variants (Kaya et al. and Sutton et al. Emerging Infectious Diseases) across Oregon.
The findings from our analysis are shared through the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) and Northwest Surveillance System (NWSS) dashboards, ensuring transparent access to the viral concentration and variant information. Additionally, we collaborate closely with our community partners, sharing our results to aid in decision-making and public health efforts. By monitoring wastewater, we contribute to a comprehensive approach in managing and mitigating the spread of viral diseases, ultimately helping to safeguard the health and well-being of the people of Oregon.
